In recent years, with the continuous
improvement of domestic consumption level, people's pursuit of consumer demand
and consumption mode is more diversified and diversified. More and more theme
parks, water parks, commercial entertainment complexes, resorts and so on
appear around us. In recent 20 years, the scale and investment of domestic
recreational products have reached the top level. According to the forecast of
the World Tourism Organization, China will become the world's largest tourist
destination in 2020.
So, it has always been a very dense indoor water park design, and its fire protection design must be a particularly
important part of the overall design process.
Large
Indoor Theme Land park
For large-scale indoor theme land park, its
size is huge, its function is complex and its staff is large. The vast majority
of indoor theme parks cover an area of more than 20,000 square meters, which
brings new problems to building fire protection design. Some of their fire
protection design can not be carried out in accordance with existing fire
protection standards.
Because of the complex function and large
volume of the project, fire protection design will generally encounter the
following problems:
(1) The
determination of evacuation number is a difficult problem. At present, there
are no relevant provisions in the code, and because of its own particularity.
The determination of evacuation number needs to conform to the actual situation
and ensure the safety of evacuation.
(2) The large volume and high space of the building make it difficult to
implement the fire prevention separation measures, and the area of the fire
prevention zones can not be controlled according to the current norms.
(3) Because of the deep depth of the
building, the evacuation distance can not be controlled according to the
current norms.
(4) Because of the large building space,
fire smoke control and smoke exhaust design exceed the existing norms, it is
necessary to design a reasonable smoke control and exhaust system.
1. General Flat Fire
Protection
In general plane fire protection design,
first of all, the circular fire lane is set up according to the existing
specifications; at the same time, because of the large volume of the project,
it is difficult to extinguish after fire, fire rescue sites should be set up
around the building to enhance the ability to extinguish the building in case
of fire, and corresponding fire rescue should be set up on the exterior facade
of the rescue site. Window, so that fire can enter the sandwich for fire
rescue.
2. Flammability
control
The fire protection design objective of the
project is to control the fire development. Provide relatively safe evacuation
environment for personnel. In order to reduce the probability of fire
occurrence and control the scale of fire, the first step is to control the fire
occurrence from the source by controlling the combustible materials.
(1) Amusement
equipment and rockery are made of non-flammable or non-flammable materials.
Landscape plants should choose non-volatile oils, water-rich and non-flammable
real plants. Sculptures and other landscape ornaments should also be made of
non-flammable materials.
(2) Decoration
and decoration materials should be made of non-combustible or non-combustible
materials as far as possible, and the burning performance grade should be
designed.
(3) Low-smoke
halogen-free flame-retardant cables are used in the cables and cables of the
indoor theme Letong. Electrical fire monitoring system is set up.
It is suggested to refer to GB 50222-2017
Code for Fire Protection of Interior Decoration Design of Buildings.
3. Fire
Separation Measures
In addition to controlling combustibles, it
can reduce the impact of fire. An effective way to prevent the expansion of
fire is to separate fire. Because of the large space of this project, it is
impossible to carry out conventional fire prevention partition, so the area of
fire prevention partition is enlarged. In order to prevent the fire from
expanding, the following fire prevention measures are adopted in the design.
(1) Fire-proof
zones of no more than 5,000_are divided by the "room in the room" set
up by the external wall according to the requirements of the code. Safe exits
through the outdoor are set up, and firewalls and Class A fire doors are used
to separate the large space part of the indoor theme park.
(2) The design
of "room in room" in large space is a fire-fighting unit with an area
of no more than 300_. The whole area is controlled at 2,000_in group
arrangement, and firewalls are used to separate the groups. Fire-fighting units
are divided by walls with a fire-resistant limit of no less than 2 hours,
floors with a floor of 1.5 hours, and fire doors of Class A and other parts.
Set up automatic sprinkler fire extinguishing system.
(3) In large
space, fire control zones with an area not exceeding 5,000_are set up according
to the layout of recreation. Fire trucks need to enter large indoor space areas
when necessary. Fire isolation zones with a width of not less than 6 m should
be set between the zones, and obvious markings should be demarcated on both
sides of the fire isolation zones. It is strictly forbidden to install any
commercial facilities such as stalls, kiosks and exhibition stands in the fire
protection isolation zone. It is forbidden to install any combustible
materials; the decoration materials of ground, wall and other parts must adopt
non-combustible materials; it is forbidden to hang propaganda banners and other
combustible materials; the landscape ornaments should be made of
non-combustible materials; the wires and cables should adopt non-combustible
flexible mineral insulated fire-proof cables; the fire extinguishing system
should cover the entire isolation zone area.
Kitchen has always been the most important
fire prevention, in order to effectively prevent the spread of kitchen fire,
all kitchens should be set as "fire prevention unit". Fire protection
unit refers to the separate area or independent space which can effectively
prevent fire spreading in some parts of buildings with high fire risk. In order
to improve the safety of kitchen area in aquatic park, all kitchens should
adopt Class B fire protection doors and windows, floor slabs with fire
resistance limit not less than 1.5h and partitions with 2.0h and other parts.
Separate and set up independent mechanical smoke exhaust system and ventilation
and ventilation system.
water park equipment from HAISAN water park design
